New Zealand History New Zealand Wars, 1860-1872 (Geographic Name)

Work cat.: 00321844: Maxwell, P. Frontier : the battle for the North Island of New Zealand, 1860-1872, 2000.

Britannica Micro., 1997: v. 8, p. 650 ("In 1860 ... war broke out and continued for most of the decade.")

Col. gaz.: under New Zealand (But as Eur. settlement increased, Maori opposition to land settlement resulted in continuing conflict from 1860-1872)

Belich, J. Making peoples, 1996: p. 236 (New Zealand Wars) p. 244 (clash between King and empire 1860-1864; last group of conflicts 1864-1872)

Bateman New Zealand encyc.: p. 589 (the war variously called the New Zealand Wars, the Land Wars, and less accurately the Maori Wars)

Harrop, A.J. England and the Maori Wars, 1971: p. 49 (on March 18, 1872 William, King of Waitara (Te Rangitaki) with whom the war of 1860 originated, made peace with the government)

Jackson, K. Hist. dict. of N.Z., 1996 (Land Wars (1860-1872): The name most frequently applied to what were formerly known as the Maori Wars but are also known by the Maori as te riri Pakeha (white man's war). Increasing European settlement and demand for land led to growing Maori resistance to land sales. The situation was further complicated by differences between Maori and Pakeha over the meaning of the Treaty of Waitanga and the question of sovereignty. Not all Maori took part; a number fought alongside the British.)

Oxford hist. of N.Z., 1992: p. 148 (sometimes called Land Wars; this is an exaggeration which imposes a monocausal explanation on a complex process of interaction that degenerated into war.)